At least 32 pathogens are known to be spread through sexual transmission. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cause serious health problems that greatly affect the fetus and newborn and often result in both infant and adult death. The spread of STDs can be hindered by examining sexual behavior and attitudes, and by advocating monogamy in relationships as one of the best methods of protections against an STD. As the number of partners increases, so does the risk of transmission. Availability of centers for treatment and detection is another factor able to hinder the spread of disease. Condoms and spermicides offer some protection against STDs, whereas other methods of contraception such as diaphragms and hormonal methods have not been shown to prevent disease transmission. Family planning staff should be aware of the impact of STDs and should be able to make the public aware as well. Factors such as sexual background and behavior should be considered when recommending a form of contraception. Education, training and counselling are all crucial components of a successful family planning clinic and further promote safe sex practices.

来源：IPPF medical bulletin 1988 年 22卷 6期