Some women have negative mood symptoms, caused by progestagens in hormonal contraceptives or sequential hormone therapy or by progesterone in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which may be attributed to metabolites acting on the GABA-A receptor. The GABA system is the major inhibitory system in the adult CNS and most positive modulators of the GABA-A receptor (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol, GABA steroids), induce inhibitory (e.g. anesthetic, sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic) effects. However, some individuals have adverse effects (seizures, increased pain, anxiety, irritability, aggression) upon exposure. Positive GABA-A receptor modulators induce strong paradoxical effects including negative mood in 3

作者：T, B?ckstr?m；D, Haage；M, L?fgren；I M, Johansson；J, Str?mberg；S, Nyberg；L, Andréen；L, Ossewaarde；G A, van Wingen；S, Turkmen；S K, Bengtsson

来源：Neuroscience 2011 年 191卷