Acute heart failure (AHF) continues to have unacceptably high rates of mortality and morbidity. This position paper highlights the need for more intense interdisciplinary cooperation as one key element to overcome the challenges associated with fragmentation in the care of AHF patients. Additional aspects discussed include the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, options for initial treatment, referral bias as a potential cause for treatment preferences among experts, considerable uncertainty regarding patient disposition, the diagnosis of accompanying acute myocardial infarction, the need for antibiotic therapy, as well as assessment of intravascular volume status.

作者：Christian, Mueller；Michael, Christ；Martin, Cowie；Louise, Cullen；Alan S, Maisel；Josep, Masip；Oscar, Miro；John, McMurray；Frank W, Peacock；Susanna, Price；Salvatore, DiSomma；Hector, Bueno；Uwe, Zeymer；Alexandre, Mebazaa

来源：European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care 2015 年