Little is known about mixed cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (MR) in heart transplantation. It remains unclear whether cardiac MR has distinctive pathologic and clinical features beyond those of simultaneous cellular rejection (CR) and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). In this study we systematically explore the pathologic and clinical characteristics of MR in heart transplantation.The UTAH Cardiac Transplant Program database was queried for transplant recipients who survived long enough to have at least one endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) between 1985 and 2014. Only EMBs with both CR and AMR scores documented were included. In addition to detailed pathologic analyses, we also examined the incidence and prevalence of MR, the likelihood to transition from and to MR, and mortality associated with MR.Patients (n = 1,207) with a total of 28,484 EMBs met the study inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of MR was 7.8

作者：Abdallah G, Kfoury；Dylan V, Miller；Greg L, Snow；Kia, Afshar；Josef, Stehlik；Stavros G, Drakos；Deborah, Budge；James C, Fang；M Patricia, Revelo；Rami A, Alharethi；Edward M, Gilbert；William T, Caine；Stephen, McKellar；Kimberly M, Molina；M Elizabeth H, Hammond

来源：The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation 2016 年 35卷 3期