Vitamin K acts as a coenzyme in the γ-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins, including coagulation factors, osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein (MGP), and the growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) protein. Osteocalcin is a key factor for bone matrix formation. MGP is a local inhibitor of soft tissue calcification. GAS6 activity prevents the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Few data on vitamin K intake in chronic kidney disease patients and no data in patients on a Mediterranean diet are available. In the present study, we evaluate the dietary intake of vitamin K1 in a cohort of patients undergoing haemodialysis.In this multi-centre controlled observational study, data were collected from 91 patients aged >18 years on dialysis treatment for at least 12 months and from 85 age-matched control subjects with normal renal function. Participants completed a food journal of seven consecutive days for the estimation of dietary intakes of macro- and micro-nutrients (minerals and vitamins).Compared to controls, dialysis patients had a significant lower total energy intake, along with a lower dietary intake of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibres, and of all the examined minerals (Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cu, and Mg). With the exception of vitamin B12, vitamins intake followed a similar pattern, with a lower intake in vitamin A, B1, B2, C, D, E, folates, K1 and PP. These finding were confirmed also when normalized for total energy intake or for body weight. In respect to the adequate intakes recommended in the literature, the prevalence of a deficient vitamin K intake was very high (70-90

作者：Maria, Fusaro；Claudia, D'Alessandro；Marianna, Noale；Giovanni, Tripepi；Mario, Plebani；Nicola, Veronese；Giorgio, Iervasi；Sandro, Giannini；Maurizio, Rossini；Giovanni, Tarroni；Sandro, Lucatello；Alberto, Vianello；Irene, Santinello；Luciana, Bonfante；Fabrizio, Fabris；Stefania, Sella；Antonio, Piccoli；Agostino, Naso；Daniele, Ciurlino；Andrea, Aghi；Maurizio, Gallieni；Adamasco, Cupisti

来源：Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2016 年