Epidemiological studies have reported increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality with greater resting heart rate, however, the evidence is not consistent. Differences by gender, adjustment for confounding factors, as well as the potential impact of subclinical disease are not clear. A previous meta-analysis missed a large number of studies, and data for atrial fibrillation have not been summarized before. We therefore aimed to clarify these associations in a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.PubMed and Embase were searched up to 29 March 2017. Summary RRs and 95

作者：D, Aune；A, Sen；B, ó'Hartaigh；I, Janszky；P R, Romundstad；S, Tonstad；L J, Vatten

来源：Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 2017 年 27卷 6期