Male ageing is characterized by diminished circulating androgens with several adverse psychosomatic consequences and can be aggravated by concomitant chronic diseases. According to the European Male Aging Study (EMAS) Group, late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) refers to testosterone deficiency accompanied by sexual complaints.We investigated the prevalence of LOH in men with systolic heart failure (HF), and its clinical determinants and prognostic consequences.Among 201 men with systolic HF (age: 60 ± 11 years), serum total testosterone (TT) was assessed using an immunoassay, and estimated free testosterone (eFT) was calculated using Vermeulen's formula. LOH was diagnosed when TT < 3.2 ng/mL and eFT < 64 pg/mL were accompanied by three sexual symptoms (decrease in the number of morning erections, reduced potency, and low libido) of at least moderate severity assessed using the Aging Males' Symptoms Scale.Decreased frequency of morning erections, reduced potency, and low libido were experienced by 56

作者：Ewa A, Jankowska；Micha?, Tkaczyszyn；Kinga, W?grzynowska-Teodorczyk；Jacek, Majda；Stephan, von Haehling；Wolfram, Doehner；Waldemar, Banasiak；Stefan D, Anker；Piotr, Ponikowski

来源：ESC heart failure 2014 年 1卷 1期