Bone tissue engineering includes 3 basic factors: cells, scaffolds and cytokines. The fast developments of bone tissue engineering provide new approaches for better restoration and reconstuction. Among them, new methods to fabricate optimal personalized scaffolds by three-dimensional ( 3 D ) bioprinting technique draw much attention. 3 D bioprinting is a branch of 3 D printing in biomedicine. It builds up a 3 D structure by printing with biomaterials and / or cells ( cytokines ). As a novel technique in tissue engineering, 3 D bioprinting performs better than traditional techniques. It can fabricate personalized scaffolds with high porosity and proper pore size easily and rapidly, and the scaffolds can meet the requirement of biocompatibility and mechanical strength in tissue engineering. Moreover, cells or cytokines can be deposited into biomaterials during printing, which can make the scaffolds both osteoinductive and osteoconductive. Although 3 D bioprinting has already been applied, it is still at a pre

作者：周怡；夏阳；章非敏

来源：中国骨与关节杂志 2015 年 11期