Background::There is limited information about thymosin α1 (Tα1) as adjuvant immunomodulatory therapy, either used alone or combined with other treatments, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adjuvant Tα1 treatment on long-term survival in margin-free (R0)-resected stage IA-IIIA NSCLC patients.Methods::A total of 5746 patients with pathologic stage IA-IIIA NSCLC who underwent R0 resection were included. The patients were divided into the Tα1 group and the control group according to whether they received Tα1 or not. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce bias, resulting in 1027 pairs of patients.Results::After PSM, the baseline clinicopathological characteristics were similar between the two groups. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were significantly higher in the Tα1 group compared with the control group. The multivariable analysis showed that Tα1 treatment was independently ass

作者：Cheng-Lin Guo；Jian-Dong Mei；Yu-Long Jia；Fan-Yi Gan；Yu-Dong Tang；Cheng-Wu Liu；Zhen Zeng；Zhen-Yu Yang；Sen-Yi Deng；Xing Sun；Lun-Xu Liu

来源：中华医学杂志英文版 2021 年 134卷 22期