Smoking is a major risk factor for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). More individuals with COPD die from CVD than respiratory causes and the risk of developing CVD appears to be independent of smoking burden. Although CVD is a common comorbid condition within COPD, the nature of its relationships to COPD affection status and severity, and functional status is not well understood.The first 2,500 members of the COPDGene cohort were evaluated. Subjects were current and former smokers with a minimum 10 pack-year history of cigarette smoking. COPD was defined by spirometry as an FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN) with further identification of severity by FEV1 percent of predicted (GOLD stages 2, 3, and 4) for the main analysis. The presence of physician-diagnosed self-reported CVD was determined from a medical history questionnaire administered by a trained staff member.A total of 384 (15

作者：Jennifer L, Black-Shinn；Gregory L, Kinney；Anastasia L, Wise；Elizabeth A, Regan；Barry, Make；Mori J, Krantz；R Graham, Barr；James R, Murphy；David, Lynch；Edwin K, Silverman；James D, Crapo；John E, Hokanson

来源：COPD 2014 年 11卷 5期