BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that the transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) can promote the recovery of neurological function through ameliorating the local internal environment in spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the recent efficacy of OEC transplantation on old spinal cord injury. DESIGN: A self-controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Rongjun Hospital of Shandong Province. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 106 inpatients with old spinal cord injury were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Rongjun Hospital of Shandong Province from June 2004 to December 2006, including 97 males and 9 females. Inclusive criteria:①Complete data;②Informed with the fact;③No further recover neurological function after drug therapy (neurotrophic factor, GM-1), traditional Chinese medicine, physiotherapy and rehabilitative exercises;④No obvious compression of the injured spinal cord displayed by MRI examination.METHODS:①The olfactory bulb was obtained from embryo of

来源：中国神经再生研究（英文版） 2007 年 2卷 6期